Productive Players Online Computer Games - 1397 Words

Critical Review Humphreys, S. (2005.) â€Å"Productive Players: Online Computer Games’ Challenge to Conventional Media Forms.† Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 2(1), pp. 37-51. The article I am going to review is Productive Players: Online Computer Games’ Challenge to Conventional Media Forms, written by Sal Humphreys in 2005. The journal was published in Journal of Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies and the author is a creative industries researcher who works at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia. The article is mainly about an emergent form of the relationships in computer games—how the social relationships have changed to adapt to new types of community networks, using EverQuest as an example. In the†¦show more content†¦She considers the existing Intellectual Property Laws may obstruct the development of the creativity in the virtual environment. Also, she refers to the previous research of operation patterns in the industry of computer games. In this setting, content regulation appears a more related system than property laws that address proprietorship, circulation and access to the media. It is challe nging to balance the interests of different parties and ownerships of copyrights, and accommodate the burgeoning system. This paper examines and reflects the differences between the conventional media and the online multiplayer games.Basically, the conventional media followed a linear model, in which the roles of the publisher and the players are clearcut, that is, the publisher is the producer while the players are the consumer. However, for the online multiplayer games, such as the EverQuest, the players can also be producers as the time when they are playing the games. It thus generates three critical problems that are related to the regulation, intellectual property, culture and commerce. Generally speaking, the article is logical and the distribution of paragraphs is consistent and explicit. The explanation of how players can be treated as productive players who create commercial value and suggestions for improvement for EverQuest is vivid and understandable. There is a clear introduction of the changing relationships from conventional online game rules of receiving

Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front Essay

Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front â€Å"I am young, I am twenty years old; yet I know nothing of life but despair, death, fear, and fatuous superficiality cast over an abyss of sorrow. I see how peoples are set against one another, and in silence, unknowingly, foolishly, obediently, innocently slay one another (263).† Powerful changes result from horrifying experiences. Paul Baumer, the protagonists of Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front utters these words signifying the loss of his humanity and the reduction to a numbed creature, devoid of emotion. Paul’s character originates in the novel as a young adult, out for an adventure, and eager to serve his country. He never realizes the terrible pressures that war†¦show more content†¦He states that when he goes home, his family will be shocked to hear this language. Paul treats his lingual freedom as privilege that soldiers have, and shows the benefits of living a soldier’s life. He refers to the front as if it were a para dise, for he can use vulgar language and not worry about manners and decorum. He treats his service as a time for relaxation, recreation, and a little excitement. This attitude becomes short-lived as the realities of war sink in. When Paul volunteers for reconnaissance one night, he becomes stranded in No Man’s Land (the area between opposing trenches) and begins to realize the brutality of war and starts to lose his own humanity. At the beginning of the book, Paul shows care towards his fellow soldiers and treats his service as an adventure by his education of the recruits and his excitement towards the boundaries of his vocabulary. When Paul becomes stranded in No Man’s Land, he undergoes the transformation from a carefree young adult to an inhumane, lifeless shell of a man. The change begins when Paul hides in a shell-hole, waiting for a pause in the bombardment. A French soldier jumps in as well, looking for shelter. Paul has prepared for this circumstance and stabs him three times. Paul’s strikes are not mortal enough, for the wounds do not immediately kill the Frenchman. The enemy soldier dies over the next day, and while the soldier slides inexorably into the throes of death, PaulShow MoreRelated A Deconstruction of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front1519 Words   |  7 PagesA Deconstruction of Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front The young soldiers depicted in Erich Maria Remarques text All Quiet on the Western Front represent a generation without precedent, constancy, or forethought. The men, answering their elders calls to become national heroes, have lost their innocence on the battlefield and remain forever altered in belief and spirit. Remarque contrasts the cold realities of war in the present to the tranquility of the past in order toRead MoreThe Horrors of War: Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet On the Western Front2024 Words   |  9 Pagesthroughout history. One of the most devastating wars of all time would be that of the First World War. Trench Warfare became the main method of fighting and basically became a living hell for those who fought. The grime, dead bodies piling up, rats that thrived in the pits, disease, malnutrition, and just unbearable conditions, the trenches basically became a hell on Earth. The novel All Quiet on the Western Front, which was written by Erich Maria Remarque, provides almost a journal into the centerRead More Importance of Life Revealed in Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front906 Words   |  4 PagesRevealed in Erich Maria Remarques All Quiet on the Western Front       Erich Maria Remarques classic war novel, All Quiet on the Western Front, deals with the many ways in which World War I affected peoples lives, both the lives of soldiers on the front lines and the lives of people on the homefront. One of the most profound effects the war had was the way it made the soldiers see human life. 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It is a very useful piece of literature, which increases the readers knowledgeRead MoreAll Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pages Through the novel All Quiet on the Western Front, novelist Erich Maria Remarque provides a commentary on the dehumanizing tendencies of warfare. Remarque continuously references the soldiers at war losing all sense of humanity. The soldiers enter the war levelheaded, but upon reaching the front, their mentality changes drastically: â€Å"[they] march up, moody or good tempered soldiers – [they] reach the zone where the front begins and become on the instant human animals† (Remarque 56). This animal instinctRead More Comparing Irony of War in Dulce et Decorum, Regeneration, and Quiet on the Western Front1165 Words   |  5 PagesIrony of War Exposed in Dulce et Decorum, Regeneration, and Quiet on the Western Front    Many of the young officers who fought in the Great War enlisted in the army with glowing enthusiasm, believing that war was played in fancy uniforms with shiny swords. They considered war as a noble task, an exuberant journey filled with honor and glory. Yet, after a short period on the front, they discovered that they had been disillusioned by the war: fighting earned them nothing but hopelessness, death

Allen Ginsberg was born on June 3, 1927 Essay Example For Students

Allen Ginsberg was born on June 3, 1927 Essay Allen Ginsberg was born on June 3, 1927. While in high school, he discovered and fell in love with the poetry of Walt Whitman. But despite his interest in poetry his father wanted him to become a lawyer. So Ginsberg studied law at Columbia University, where he met many of his life-long friends and influences. His new group of friends didnt really encourage his studies, and eventually he got suspended from Columbia for various small offenses. He hung around people like Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, Lucien Carr, and Neal Cassady, who later became known as the Beat Authors. Ginsberg was the youngest and most innocent in the circle, but was soon corrupted and became equally obsessed with drugs, crime, sex and literature as the rest of them. During this time, Ginsberg haunted Times Square associating with junkies and thieves and began experimenting with drugs. Ginsberg was openly gay for most of his life, and had many boyfriends, Neal Cassady was one of them. Ginsberg traveled all arou nd the world and stayed in India for a while, where he learned Buddhism, meditation and spiritual chants. He wrote poetry for over three decades, and in doing so, changed the course of American poetry. Ginsberg believed in open, spontaneous poetry, speaking his thoughts and emotions in a raw and uncensored way. This rawness seemed to transcend the censoring imposed on his poetry by his digressors who considered his writing un-publishable. His main influences in writing were Kerouac and William Blake. This particular poem, America, was written in Berkley in 1956. Basically, America has 3 parts to it: Ginsberg questioning America, Ginsberg rambling on, and Ginsberg saying I am America. I will also talk about Ginsbergs life, other authors interpretations of this poem and comments on Ginsberg. Ginsberg starts off America by questioning the country, as if it were an actual person, asking it why it is the way it is. Ginsberg writes, America, when will you be angelic? When will you take of f your cloths? (8-9) The irony here is, of course, that many Americans still believed that they, along with the government, were angelic since they were Gods chosen people. Supposedly, God gave the continent to the original European settlers as a new Eden so that they could start over and build the perfect society. Ginsberg goes on to criticize America for the things he is unhappy with, and the way things were going at the time. He illustrates this by saying, Your machinery is too much for me. You made me want to become a saint. What Ginsberg means here is that all of the technology and machinery that run America today are too much for him, and as a result he wants want to renounce it all and become a saint. After this he rambles on for a while, writing lines that make sense when read separately but make little sense when they are read together. It is spontaneous regurgitated thought. He just kind of throws in lines about anything, whatever he was thinking about at the time. An exam ple of this is in lines 29-31: America I used to be a communist when I was a kid Im not sorry. I smoke marijuana every chance I get. I sit in my house for days on end and stare at the roses in the closet. When I go to Chinatown I get drunk and never get laid. It is fairly obvious that these are just plain thoughts of Ginsbergs, but when you look at them closer you can kind of see how it all fits in, he is still talking to America, about his dislike and disgust in it, even though it is not very clearly presented that way. He also briefly talks about his own life and his family life in this part of the poem. After this he focuses back on America, in a more straight forward way. He says It occurs to me that I am America. I am talking to myself again. Allen Ginsberg speculated on the condition of the United States. Had there actually been a Communist attack on America as people feared due to the red scare, the government would have taken the appropriate steps to prepare for war. Since Ginsberg realized, I am America, he followed that paranoia to its logical conclusion by considering his national resources in preparation. Among his resources were 25,000 mental institutions, city streets populated by millions of homeless people, and countless prisons, all of which contained Americans. Ginsberg also writes Asia is rising against me. I dont have a Chinamans chance (49-50). Though this seems like a silly notion on paper, these sentiments were the all too real results of the red, or Communist scare that occurred during the witch hunts of the McCarthy era. Many people during this era feared a Communist invasion. Some who were accused of supporting the Communist cause, whether they actually did or not, lost their jobs and were blacklisted. Citizens were taught to fear and hate Communists. These attitudes lingered in the American psyche throughout the Cold War (Montana, Jackie). When Ginsberg says, America you dont really want to go to war. America its them bad Russians. them Russians them Russians them Russians and them Chinamen. And them Russians (74-78) Ginsberg is kind of joking around, kind of in a sarcastical way, saying, Oh, its just those Russians fault, when actually its not their fault, but our. We created the problems. Then He throws the comment in about the Chinamen, as a joke. When he says him in this part, it is in reference to America, the country. And when he says her he is referring to Russia. She wants to take our cars out of our garages. Her wants to grab Chicago. Her needs a Red Readers Digest. Her wants to grab Siberia. Also, when he talks about red he is referring to the communists. He then closes saying that this is the impression he gets by looking at his television set (impression of America, as described in the poem). This whole thing is not just something he made up, its what he thinks and feels about the country when he reads about r sees something about it on TV. But it is also about propaganda, and not believing everyth ing read or see on TV In the end he says that he doesnt want to help the country by joining its Army or working in a factory (and that he is nearsighted and psychopathic anyway), he is already working his butt off (or putting his queer shoulder to the wheel, as he puts it). He expresses his disgust in the way he feels about America and his frustrations, about life in general living here. Biographer Paul Christensen describes Allen Ginsberg as :The poet who seems to have awakened Americas youth to the power of poetry, make stirring prophecies and reinvigorate the spheres of politics and ideology. (Asher, Levi) Allen Ginsberg, chanter of the scorchingly present-tense Howl, is one of the true lunar voices rising about the skyscrapers; he has the courage of his imagination, and is keening a mighty song for his generation. Ginsberg is both an exciting and highly readable human poet. His fever is that of thousands; but nobody of his age and time threw the sick-room back at life as he did, and thus redeemed us all as well as himself. Societys fangs await his beautiful phantasmagorical songs, if only to insure their validity; but he who would be an atom-age Shelley must have a price on his head. The stakes demand it. Ginsberg is really a bit of a miracle. (Krim, Seymour) When Ginsbergs poem Howl was published by Lawrence Ferlinghetti of City Lights Bookshop fame, the political establishment immediately branded it obscene. Winning the ensuing court battle to defend freedom of speech was a milestone in breaking the grip of the conformist 50s. The defense presented a united front of artists explaining the role of art and its reflection on life. Thus the gateway was widened for todays avant-garde. (Targowski) During the time Ginsberg wrote these poems he was in a very angry and self-destructive stage. During other times of his life Ginsberg wrote more peaceful and calm poetry, and also some very strange poems. However during this particular time, he seemed to be quite pis sed off and disturbed, so he took it out in his writings, in a very straight-forward and open way. Ginsbergs poetry is classified as Contemporary American Poetry. Ginsberg was one of the most famous beat poets of our time, and continued writing and reading his poetry publicly up until the time of his death. On April 5, 1997 Allen Ginsberg died of a heart attack in his home in Manhattan, NY. He had had been diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C since 1988. Allen Ginsberg was 70 years old. Works Cited Asher, Levi. The Beat Generation, http://www.charm.net/~brooklyn/Topics/BeatGen.html, 1996Charters, Ann ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography, 16, pt 1:A-L. Bruccoli Clark Books, 1983Krim, Seymour ed. The Beats. US : Gold Medal/Fawcett Publications, 1960. .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .postImageUrl , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:hover , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:visited , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:active { border:0!important; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:active , .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5819fa094497a49a7449618a142b70dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Photosynthesis Essay Magill, N. Frank ed. Critical Survey of Poetry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1982Miles, Barry. Ginsberg: A Biography. NY: Simon and Schuster, 1989. Montana, Jackie. Annotated America. http://www.ECNet.Net/users/mujcm3/america.html, 1997Targowski, Henry W. Mark Space Office.http://euro.net/mark-space/bioHenryWTargowski.html, 1995

Oedipus Essays (217 words) - Ancient Greek Theatre, Oedipus The King

Oedipus Oedipus is a very interesting character in Greek mythology. He encounters many episodes on his journey, escaping the dangers of the prophecy he was told. Oedipus the King us the is quite exciting to the readers because of the dramatic irony Sophocles uses throughout the trilogy. Dramatic irony is when the audience is aware of something that is going to happen in the story, and the charatcer really has no idea. Oedipus the King is a Greek tragedy. There are five basic elements of a typical tragedy. They are prologue, parados, episode, stasimon, exodus. The prologue is basically the opening scene, in which the background of the story is formed. This is usually accomplished by a dialogue between two characters, or by a single actor. Parados is the entrance of the chorus(clarifies the feelings and experiences of the character), usually chanting a lyric that relates to the main theme. The counterpart of the modern scene, where the plot is developed through action or dialogue is called the episode. Stasimon is basically the choral ode. Finally, the exodus is the conclusion or final action, usually ended by a "ceremonial exit" of all the characters in the tragedy. These are the five basic elements that make up a Greek tragedy. To get a better understanding of Oedipus the King, you can go to the link below, and get an overview of the tragedy.