Company background Essay Example for Free

Company background EssayBMW (www. bmw. com) expect maintaining their strong position as one of adult males leader in grant vehicle market besides Daimler-Chrysler, Lexus, and many former(a)s. The company established in March 7, 1916 when Bayerische Flugzeug-Werke (BFW) founded. One year later, BFW was renamed to Bayerische Motoren Werke GmbH (BMW) that centre on producing cars and military aircraft at that time. Within several decades in the 20th century, the company performed several acquisitions on Rover and MINI, to name a few.However, the intense tilt in motorcar sedulousness that becomes more segmented has driven BMW to focus on few brands. Under such circumstances, BMW decided to sell Rover theme in 2000 but still retaining MINI brands in the BMW convocation. Therefore, BMW group (www. bmwgroup. com) now has three major brands BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. The three segments are all in premium cars segment, thus lessen the companys effort in building bran d awareness for their convergences. Figure 1 BMW Group Website Source www. bmwgroup. com 1.Business synopsis The Automobile industry is one of the most competitive global industries in the world. This is because automobile companies are generally multinational in nature because they have the use up to achieve economies of scale in their production. The automobile industry represents signifi mintt portion of GDP in US and Europe. They are considered of significant importance because their existence enables other industries to work. Most automobile markets bring possess significant influence whether in their domestic as well as global markets.Moreover, there is an indication that commencing the hold on of the 20th century, most of the markets in modern countries are saturated and the new trend of the industry is to find new and developing markets where they can deploy their products. Similarly, automobile manufacturers are tired of facing the cutthroat competition in their markets . The situation drives them to expand their services into Asia-Pacific regions, South East Asia and other developing regions. This strategy becomes the modish trend deep down the global automobile industry. This generates new trends in automobile designs and their tendencies.Cheaper and fuel-efficient cars are the design of this decade. Concerning the many facets of automobile industry, be low-spirited is several business compendium tools that assess how the market behave, especially relates to development of premium markets where BMW serves. 3. 1 Strategic group BCG matrix As mentioned previously, BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) maintains three major brands in their portfolio. Each of them has approximately similar markets, the premium cars, but the company further determines particular markets that each of the product portfolio serve. This strategy is carried out to avoid unnecessary cannibalism among their products.In order to examine the performance of each product portfolio in BMW group, we can use BCG Matrix. The intercellular substance is named after the founder, Boston Consulting Group, a well-known global business consulting firm. The basic doctrine of Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is to assess various Strategic Business Units (SBUs) in a company portfolio. By definition, an SBU is a business building block in a company that has its own missions and objectives. It could be departments, divisions, or subsidiaries. In case of BMW group, the SBUs can be BMW product lines such as BMW 3, 5, 7 series, MINI, and Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.The BCG Growth-Share matrix composes of four quadrants that each describe BMW product lines in relation to market share and market beatth rate. The BCG matrix helps BMW to understand each of their products life cycle and position in the market better by charting each product in one of the four quadrants. Figure 1 shows the BCG Matrix of an organization Figure 1 BCG Matrix Source Tutor2U, 2007 The upper left quadran ts in the matrix are stars. Stars are business units or product lines within BMW Group that undergo high growth or have strong position in the market.In other words, stars are business units that have bulky market shares in a fast growing industry (Boston Consulting Box, 2005). The characteristics of stars are they generate cash and thus revenue for a company. However, as the market for the products grows rapidly, they require extensive investment to maintain their lead. If the strategy is successful, a star will soon become a cash terrify when its industry matures. In case of BMW, the stars are their USA division since the marker experience fast growth. In 2003 alone, the USA division records a history since it become the Groups strongest market with 8.0% growth or represents the sales of 277,037 units in the 2003. In terms of product line, the stars are BMW 7 series as they continue achieving a growing pattern of sales. In 2003, the sales of BMW 7 series rose 8. 2% compared to p revious year. Another star is BMW X5 that record a 4. 6% of growth or represents the sales of 105,554 units. The second quadrant in the lower left is cash cows. It is similar to main sources of revenues/income for a company where it represents a product line(s) that continue exhibiting low-growth businesses or they have a relatively high market share (Boston Consulting Box, 2005).Cash Cow is a business unit that has a large market share in a mature, slow growing industry. Due to the slowing down of market growth, cash cows but need little investment and generate cash that can be used to invest in other business units. In BMW case, the cash cow is the home market, Germany. In the home country, BMW experiences declining trend in which in 2003, it recorded -0. 9% of growth compared to the previous year. Meanwhile, concerning the product lines, the cash cows are BMW 3 series and 5 series. The BMW 3 series, for example, have many models that all of them continue showing declining sales volume.The sales of BMW 3 series Limousine, for instances, decline by 5. 9% compared to 2002. Similarly, the sales of BMW 5 series also plummets by -23. 5% compared to the previous year sales volume. In the upper right of the matrix lie chief marks. It represents BMW product line(s) that exhibit low market share but operate in higher growth markets (Boston Consulting Box, 2005). These business units require resources to grow market share, but whether they will succeed and become stars is unknown or potentially less likely. The last quadrant is Dogs.They are BMWs products lines that have low relative market share in unattractive, low-growth markets (Boston Consulting Box, 2005). It means that detent is a business unit that has a small market shares in a matured industry. A dog may not require substantial cash, but it ties up capital that could better be deployed elsewhere. If a dog has no other strategic purpose, it had better to liquidate the product lines since the product lines have little opportunities to gain market share. Based on the above analysis, we can decide which BMW brands belongs to quadrants in BCG Matrix as following.

Ethical And Legal Implications Of Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Ethical And Legal Implications Of Euthanasia EssayThe term mercy obscureing is derived from the Greek nomenclature eu which means good and thanatos which means death. Hence the literal translation of euthanasia is good death. Majority of countries around the world has prohibited euthanasia in so far particular countries and states still apply this concept without much regard to the laws governing this issue. Unfortunately, cases of euthanasia still flourish because the physician conducting euthanasia is often left unharmed. Among all the countries around the world, the Netherlands has been identified as the prime country that allows the application of euthanasia in hospital cases. The outcome of euthanasia is a controversial topic in human health. Euthanasia has been associated with health check issues, as well as ethical, legal, cultural and religious issues. Euthanasia has been originally defined as a method of accelerating death of a long- hurting in order for the pa tient to ward off additional pain and misery due to his current checkup condition. Since this classical explanation is very sketchy, it is important that the different forms of euthanasia be described in detail.Voluntary euthanasia pertains to the hastening of death based on the consent that has been provided by the patient. It is a common situation in voluntary euthanasia that the patient signifies his wish to end his sprightliness because of the hardships he is currently experiencing as a consequence of his medical illness and another individual accomplishes euthanasia to fulfill the patients wishes. In the case of involuntary euthanasia, the patient remains competent is signifying his wishes and even determine what he wants to happen to himself, but euthanasia is still effected on the patient without even discussing this natural selection with him.There atomic number 18 likewise cases wherein the patient is not equal to express his wishes because he has lost his ability to communicate and non-voluntary euthanasia is conducted on the patient. The loss of ability to communicate is often observed among adult patients who are in a comatose or mentally deficient condition. The condition of not being able to communicate may also be observed among young babies that have congenital anomalies. There are also different forms of euthanasia that is based on how it is conducted.Active euthanasia pertains to the accelerating of the death process through the exercise of injecting a toxic substance that would result in death of the patient. Passive euthanasia, on the other hand, refers to euthanasia that involves the removal of preaching or the refusal in providing treatment to the patient. This type of euthanasia entails giving up the use of any life support systems or treatments and reflects an individuals intention that the patient die by and by soon after the act is performed.The word passive often confuses the public because the word connotes not performi ng any particular act but the give voice passive euthanasia technically means the induction of death through the removal of supportive systems to the patient. Several other phrases have been used interchangeably to designate euthanasia. These are physician-assisted suicide of killing, withholding treatment, mercy killing or medical futility. In physician-assisted suicide, the medical practitioner supplies the patient with a lethal substance which the patient himself administers on himself in order to end his life (Materstvedt et al. 2003). In the case of withholding life-sustaining treatment, the physician attending to the patient decides that the use of further medical equipment and medications will not benefit the patient.In addition, the decision of withholding life-sustaining treatment is also based on the patients and the familys request. about of the hospital cases that withhold life-sustaining treatment are also futile in terms of medical procedures and treatments. There i s much controversy with regards to the use of euthanasia around the world.It has been reported that majority of the physicians would support the authorization of euthanasia in medical practice. Particular countries and states have actually rejection or overturned earlier promulgations that are related to the conduct of euthanasia. In Australia, the Rights of the Terminally Ill Act was disallowed in 1997. In the state of Oregon in the United States, the Oregon Death and gravitas Act was discarded in 1999 (Miller et al. , 2004). These Acts were denied based on a number of ethical implications.One of the major issues related to euthanasia is that the throe of the patient was not alleviated correctly. It has been pointed out that there is a possibility that the appropriate palliative care was not provided to the patient hence the patient would experience pain and discomfort. The availableness of euthanasia thus influences the decisions of the physician wherein the physician would not look into the patients condition in detail because he is aware that there will always be the option of performing euthanasia in case the patient does not feel better as soon as expected.It is also possible that the amount of pain medications were below the optimal concentration that would be needed to eradicate the pain the patient is experiencing. There are also instances when a patient with a terminally ill condition is also suffering from a second medical disorder. Co-morbidities often occur with cancer patients, wherein they also suffer from major depression or another form of mental health disorder. Clinical research has also showed that patients with terminally ill conditions are more probable to request euthanasia in order to end of his suffering and frustration.It is thus important to determine whether the suffering of a patient continues due to patient inadvertence or mainly due to the illness itself. Another ethical issue related to euthanasia is that patients generally change their mind with regards to their requested treatment and wishes during the head for the hills of their ailment. It has been observed that among the patients who initially request for euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide, only approximately one-third of the patients remained with their decision of using euthanasia.As for the rest of the patients, they eventually changed their minds with regards to requesting euthanasia because an pick method was provided to them that changed their perception of their terminal conditions. The alternative option actually made their conditions and current lives tolerable and still worth living. If euthanasia were legalized, it would be a great loss to the human population to see a significant number of patients that would instantly resort to giving up their lives just because of the idea that there is suffering and pain due to their illness. The value of life is also questioned in the act of euthanasia.Christianity has taught that only Go d will provide and take away life hence any someone does not have the right to end an individuals life, regards of his medical condition or state. The ethical issue of the patients and the physicians rights to life are also questioned in euthanasia. In the medical Oath of Hippocrates, it is stated that a physician will do no harm to the patient and this should not be confused with the patients decision to die because this does not automatically mean that the physician has the right to kill the patient that signified his intent to receive euthanasia.The slippery slope phenomenon has been strongly linked with the issue of euthanasia, resulting in the need for a thorough sociological redirect examination of the act. Initial cases that employed euthanasia often involved hastening death among terminally ill patients. Euthanasia is secondarily provided to patients diagnosed to be chronically ill. The slippery slope phenomenon pertains to the application of euthanasia on other medical ca ses that show vague definitions with regards to futility and recovery.These medical conditions include the persistent vegetative state, which involves a patient that had undergone an episode of coma and so reawakened with a destructed brain stem. A patient in a persistent vegetative state thus presents with the inability to communicate but is actually conscious(p) and can only perform the gag reflex. The persistent vegetative state is an exception to the definition of brain death, because only one of the two major components of the telephone exchange nervous system is affected by the condition.Brain death has been classically defined as the shutting down of the entire central nervous system, including the rational cortex and the brain stem, resulting in the loss of breathing and stoppage of beating of the heart. In the case of persistent vegetative state, the patient remains awake yet has lost the capacity to perform any other motor activities. If euthanasia were legalized, this would provide physicians and family members of the patient an option to decide on whether it is right to end the life of a patient if he is in a persistent vegetative state.Other patients suffering from AIDS would also be given a spry solution to get away from their suffering of AIDS-related complications and would not learn to live the rest of their lives with AIDS. It is also alarming to imagine that if euthanasia were legalized, any elderly person may be subjected to euthanasia in order to circumvent the responsibility of caring for a senior individual. The issue of euthanasia also affects the patients trust in a physician. These medical professionals have long been perceived as skilled individuals that have a great knowledge in scrimping and prolonging the life of an individual.It is thus a normal implication that these medical professionals also have the expertise in hastening and terminating the life of an individual should he be asked to perform this or should he decide th at ending a life of a person is the right thing to do. Hence if euthanasia is legalized, patients would feel that the physician carries the option of whether he shall or shall not live. Another sociological issue related to euthanasia is that the patient may be pressured to decide on euthanasia because of his familys treatment on him (Ganzini et al. 2002).If euthanasia were legalized, any patient that feels that his illness is becoming a heart and soul to his family members may easily pick the option of euthanasia to avoid the disappointment and anguish that his family is experiencing due to his illness. As for other elderly patients who are chronically or terminally ill, they would rather avoid being a burden to their families hence they would most likely request for euthanasia. Euthanasia is also implicated with sociological issues such as the eradication of unwanted ethnic groups.The historical adventure of the mass murder of Jews by the Nazis during World War II is an extreme example of the use of euthanasia. The decision to eradicate Jews was then a political playact that was performed using a medical procedure. The incident of mass murdering of Jews by the German Nazis is also strongly associated with the concept of eugenics, or the biased selection of individuals that are allowed or accepted by society. Eugenics has also been linked with the eradication of criminals in society during the earlier centuries.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Longevity Sociology Essay

Advant yearss And Disadvant times Of Longevity Sociology EssayThe dramatic increase in average life expectancy during the twentieth century ranks as one of societys majusculeest achievements. art object close babies natural in 1900 did not vital past age 50, life expectancy at birth now exceeds eighty-three years in Japan and is at least eighty-one years in several other countries (United Nations, 2011). Life expectancy is increasing so fast that half the babies born in 2007 leave behind live to be at least 103, while half the Japanese babies born in the same year will submit the age of 107 (Boseley, 2009). It is certain that batch are glad to live a pertinacious-dated life since longevity is the pursuit of most humans. However, longevity has also caused a lot of problems to society, such as financial substance, lack of resources and so on. This essay is to discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of the fact that people are living a longer life so that a clear pictur e of the situation is shown.The advantages of longevity can be seen from both individuals and the society.As for individuals, longevity has always been considered as a kind of treasure and fortune. And wisdom is usually linked with the elder. Death has always been regarded as something frightening and most people want to live a long life. Living longer conceives one can stay with his or her family longer and enjoy a happy later life. People spend most of their life working and taking care of their family. So it is simple common sense that people deserve a healthy and peaceful ageing age after the amount of paid work. Some people die without enjoying a pleasant twilight years, which is a great pity. On the other hand, that people live longer provides an opportunity for their children to return the care they collapse received from parents. As a saying goes, the tree may crave calm, but the wind will not drop and the off springs want to choke off but for the non-existent families. It is a pain and lifelong regret for many people. With parents living longer, children can have much than time to stay with and show filial respect to them. So longevity helps to promote the harmonious relationship among family members.As for society, longevity allows people to contribute more to the world with their natural endowment and wisdom. So many prominent scientists and scholars and other elites died with regret that they could not accomplish their plan. For example, Zhu Shenghao, a talented Chinese translator of Shakespeares works, passed away at the age of 32 due to illness. If he could live longer, there might be more Chinese versions of Shakespeare and more people could appreciate the Chinese exposition art. Another illustration is the early death of English poets such as Byron who died at 36, Shelley at 29 and Keats at 25. All of them are supremely smart and great treasure to the academia but die so young. When their poems are read by people nowadays in modern t ime, their rich talent can still raise great admiration. What a pity it is for the world to witness the loss of so many extraordinary talents. Since people are enjoying a longer life now, scientists can discover and invent more, scholars can write more and artists can compose more. Therefore, people living longer can determine more contributions to the world.Moreover, business markets can also benefit from the reality that people live longer. Traditionally, it is believed that a person has three major periods of life childhood, adulthood and old age. However, old age is now evolving into two segments, a third age (young old) and a fourth age (oldest old). Recognition of the one-time(a) population as a major market for business is beginning, as evidenced by an increasing number of articles about the silver market. Because a great deal of wealth is held by the old population and the number of elders is increasing relative to other age groups, it makes sense for business to design p roducts appealing to the older market, and to chair advertising to them. usance by the older population can stimulate the economy. The economic power of older adults also can act as a force to channel the ageist stereotypes often perpetuated by advertising (Uhlenberg, 2013). In addition, since old people need to be taken care of, more nursing homes need to be built. This offers more jobs so that the unemployment can be reduced and social stability can be maintained.Thus, it is beneficial to both individuals and the society with people living longer from the positioning presented above.The Disadvantages of LongevityThe most obvious disadvantage of longevity people are facing now is the aging problem. The U.N. Population Division projects that people older than age 60 will increase from just less than 800 million in 2011 (11 percent of world population) to more than 2 billion in 2050 (22 percent). That is to say, by 2050, close to a quarter of the world population will be the age d. When walking in the street, one old person out of four will be seen. In a world with low fertility, low mortality, and restricted immigration, countries must deal with the reality of having 20 percent or 30 percent of their populations older than age 65 (Uhlenberg, 2013). The aging population causes a series of problems to the society.First of all, old people have to be taken care of, which leave great burden to their family as well as the society. According to an article published in the journal Corporate Adviser, MGM Advantage calculates the current level of annual category expenditure where the main occupant is aged 75 and over at more than 6,000. So if someone lived until they were 100, between their 75th and 100th birthday not including inflation, they would need to find around 400,000 to live. This, combined with falling annuity rates, will lead to more pensioners falling below the poverty line. (Corporate Adviser 2011) Though that people live longer is good news, the fact that should not be neglected is that this has a huge financial burden on people. The great pressure to support old parents may lead to the cracks of relationship between children and parents. There are reports about old people who cannot afford to live in nursing homes and have no child to rely on. So it is the responsibility of the government to help the old. In developed countries, where acute care and institutional long-term-care services are astray available, the use of medical care services by adults rises with age, and per capita expenditures on healthcare are relatively high among older age groups. Accordingly, the rising proportion of older people places upward pressure on overall healthcare spending in the developed world (Kinsella, Beard and Suzman, 2013).Secondly, longevity does not necessary mean health. The rate of getting illness increases with the growth of old age. In spite of the advances in medical technology, there are still many diseases that cannot be treat ef ficiently. For example, the prevalence of dementia increases dramatically with age, and the projected costs of caring for the growing numbers of people with dementia are daunting. The World Alzheimer Report 2012 (Alzheimers Disease International, 2012) estimates that the kernel worldwide cost of dementia exceeded US$600 billion in 2010, including informal care provided by family and others, social care provided by community care professionals, and direct costs of medical care. An Australian study has estimated that around 10 percent of the expected increase in healthcare costs anticipated over the succeeding(a) twenty years will be due to this condition alone (Vos, et al., 2007).In addition, longer life expectancy and lower fertility rate may lead to lack of young working forces. The world with less young people will become less vigorous. And the increasing population is challenging the gross profit of the planet people are living on for most of the resources people are consuming are non-renewable. So it is urgent for human beings to do the outdo to protect the environment and save energy. Otherwise, longevity will become meaningless if one cannot live with contentmentTherefore, longer life expectancy of human beings creates burden to society and environment. However, the problems can be dealt with if people around the world work together.ConclusionBoth the advantages and disadvantages of longevity have been discussed in detail above in this essay. Overall, the advantages of longer life span outweigh its disadvantages. It is obvious that though longer life expectancy puts burden on the society and environment, the problems caused can be tackled with the spliff efforts made by people and it is urgent for human beings to do the best to save the environment and find out solution to the difficulties caused by the bigger and larger population on the planet. On the other hand, the benefits both people and the world can get from the phenomenon of people living l onger are irreplaceable and undeniable. It is the justice that longevity is a symbol of civilization and better life.

No Art Without Freedom Philosophy Essay

No Art Without Freedom Philosophy EssayIn this essay great emphasis is put on the Albert Camus Quote, that without wantondom, the human race of art is something that is non existence. In that perspective, the term isolateddom can be defined as the ability to have the volition to make individual choices. These choices should be determined by individualism and not affected by any other out ward force. Art is considered to be more intentual than it is physical science and and so there is a need for the freedom of the spirit to declaim itself to the people. It is a mere fact that the more freedom is given to artists, the more they criticize the evils in the society thus creating a positive impact in the society. Artists feel like they be prisoners of their own conscience in the event that they are not given the freedom and the chance creates. at that placefore this essay tries to cover the need for freedom in response to determinism, faith, Libertarianism and the free allow in regard to the artists. intromission is more spiritual and inborn than practical. This mere fact can be emphasized on the fact that artists given the freedom and the free will to communicate there spiritual beings within themselves. The philosophical art has developed and practiced the term free will into many ways. This is because artist tends to think that when given the will to express themselves, they can come up with better ideologies than when they lack their freedom to express themselves. Without the free will to create, man may have no development in life. Art is known as a field where man can communicate to themselves without the need to be verbal. Through art a surge of information can be transferred from one age group to the other. For example there ancient gain of the earlier artist is still in go down and today to be used to transfer information for research about the cultures and the social wellbeing of the ancient people (Honderich 122).Determinism on the othe r hand is the judgment and ideology that any occurring event is bound by cause and effect. Artists believe that in order for them to come up with practice ideas, these ideas must be caused by something. That is what triggers them to come up with pieces and small ideas in there minds in which they amplify them to have a future work. There must be a author which lies beyond the free will of their thoughts and the freedom to deliver their art into the society. Take for example an artist who is a singer by career. Before they come up with a new margin call there is something that triggers there thinking ability and often leads them to writing the song and then delivering it. This thing that causes them to come up with the song is what can be termed as the determinism (Salles 167).The same applies to when artist does something that is original in their own sense. They are forced to explore that vacuum in a settled manner towards an ultimate new outcome. This can be clearly demonstrat ed by a singer. When a singer has got some new life experiences, they are compelled to come up with new ideas and lines that enable them to come up with an ultimate new and original version of there song. This version is not compelled by their free will to make a choice to come up with the song but the causality will be the events that happened prior to the writing of the song. Therefore the viewer of any form of art can only be realized if there is freedom for the artists to have the free will to conduct there melodic line and this will cause the to come up with magnificent ideologies (Sleinis 178).According to (Honderich 45), it is a common believe that free will of artist does not coexist where determinism exists. some artists believe that where free will exists, there is a constraint for the determinism to occur. This argument can be supported by incompatibilists who believe that all the constrained of determinism including the free will exists. They believe that the determin ism is hindered by physical constraints like the imprisonment of individuals. The threat of punishment also hinders the ability for the causality of events therefore denying the fact that there is the existence of causality and effect. This is because the arguments for free will have implications in all aspects of life like religion, ethics and science. For example in ethics, it is believed that the actions for individuals have implications which can be accounted for in case of a breach (Turiel 24).Libertarianism is the concept and the ideology that humans must be given the free will to express their ideas and actions. Researchers believe that liberalization is achieved by the large-scale power decentralization. When artists have been given the power to express themselves, it becomes easier for them to deliver their expressions to the public without any constraint. Philosophers believe that artists have got the right to live life and express their divine spiritual wellbeing without any physical constraints. When people have been enslaved, they are not productive as compared to the people who are not emancipate (Salles 123).Liberation is important in all forms of the society and art is not left out. The lack of liberalization is a question that should be dealt with effectively to shoot the freedom of expression. The free will of artists to come up with exciting commercials is also affected by their ability to express themselves and the ability to generate new ideas which are unique and do not resemble others. The liberation and the free will to act have caused a lot of questions as the philosophers support the free will to the artists. Like when the musicians have been prohibited to talk about some issues, they never interest the public because they display the same ideas that they have been expressing even in the past. This brings the spirit of boredom to the listeners therefore causing exhaustion of their work and ideas.Morality is the term used to define the norms and the behavior of individuals in the society. Morals are the accepted norms within a society. In art there are norms that should be used. When the artists follow these norms they become obedient to the society and can cause prospicient term changes. There are distinctive codes of conduct that defines how an artist should behave in the business environment. These codes are known ethical rules that define ability for one to perform in their specific duties. They should be respected by any artistIn conclusion, art is known to be more spiritual and this fights the common view that morality that it is a practice field. Many people in the worldly concern of art today advocate for the policies whereby they would be free in order for them to deliver effectively. The victor of many artists is based on the decisions that are made by the respective governments in the making of their code of ethics. This brings the question that is morality a good stride in art and should it be a pplied in the art? The answer is definite every aspect of humanity needs some morals in order for the people to prosper without clashing with the public. Philosophical aspects of morality defines that morals should be used where there is freedom of expression and this will in the long run bring the essence of free will to all the people involved in art. The truth about determinism is also evident in the world of art. The cause and effect of the soft determinism can be evidenced by how the artists become affected in their lives and end up coming with new ideologies and work which is beneficial to them.

Report on manpower planning and barriers

Report on men intend and barriersThis report aims to set the manpower formulation which consisting estimating manpower, employment analysis, enlisting, excerption and training. Also, we pull up stakes present barriers of implement of manpower planning and suggest solution to the barriers. Fin onlyy, we will structure a training session.IntroductionSince the comp whatsoever not had consistency good finance results. All systems of the company are decided to upgrade, and each group company will have same package so the group tin can co0ordinate all the subsidiaries. We must improve the manpower planning3.0 men PlanningThe centrality of manpower in production process of incarnate entities has long been acknowledged by constitution managers and administrators. It is an on-going process (integrated approach), not a once and for all phenomenon. Its process involves interrelated activities and the plan must continue to be modified to meet prevailing circumstances. As a plan, it is embedded with implementation programmes designed to ensure availability of adequate qualified persons. Such implementation programmes complicate recruitment and plectron (employment) of learnd consummate personnel to perform line of merchandises that will allow the enterprise meet both the corporate and individual goals. The plan implementation programme also entails training and phylogenesis of personnel and performance appraisal as well as former(a) related personnel administration functions.The term Manpower Planning at organizational or corporate level is also known as micro- merciful resources planning and it has much to do with personnel management or personnel administration. The terms manpower, human resource, and personnel management or personnel administration refer to the same activities concerned with managing spate at work. As such the terms can be used inter metamorphoseably. On this hind end, Manpower Planning and Human Resources Planning are the same phenom enon.The main benefits or purposes of manpower planning are(i) To control dig costs and enhance efficiency by ensuring that only the most essential and required personnel are hired and retained(ii) To increase productivity by matching batch with problems that truly exists and is adequate for them.(iii) To provide a lead time to recruit and train workers ahead of need. Required skills are thus provided for in advance(iv) To provide a basis for other plans, such as plans for facilities, desks and perspective accommodation, and assist in their formulation.(v) To anticipate and overcome redundancies. The information provided slightly afterlife manpower surpluses and redundancies in particular area could be used by management to plan a retraining programme for those who would be rendered redundant by changes in technology and company reorganization. Such people can then be made available for jobs in which they are needed.(vi) To show the implications of retirements and promotion pl ans in terms of management development and succession planning.4.0 Manpower ProcessEstimating manpowerEmployment or Manpower planning is the process of deciding what positions the company will have to fill, and how to fill them. Manpower planning covers all future positions from maintenance clerk to CEO. However, most companies call the process of deciding how to fill companys most crucial executive jobs succession planning.Employment planning should be an integral part of a firms strategic and HR planning processes. Plans to enter unexampled businesses, build new plants, or reduce costs all influence the types of positions the firm will need to fill. That also meant they needed plans for who to hire, how to screen applicants, and when to put the plans into place.One big call into question is whether to fill projected openings from within or from outside the firm. In other words, should we plan to fill positions with current employees or by recruiting from outside? Each resource produces its own set of HR plans. Current employees may require training, development, and coaching before theyre ready to fill new jobs. Going outside requires a decisions about what recruiting sources to use, among other things.Job analysisJob analysis is the fundamental process that forms the basis of all human resource activities. In its simplest terms, job analysis is a systematic process for gathering, documenting and analyzing data about the work required for a job. The data collected in a job analysis, and reflected through a job description, includes a description of the context and principal duties of the job, and information about the skills, responsibilities, mental models and techniques for job analysis. These include the Position Analysis, Questionnaires, which focuses on generalized human behavior and interviews, problem inventories, fundamental job analysis and the job element method.Job analysis is the procedure for identifying those duties or behaviors that defin e a job. Aside from verifying the fairness of woof procedures, job analysis is the foundation of virtually every other area of industrial psychology, including performance appraisal training and human chemical elements. Additionally, job analysis is the basis of job evaluation, the procedure for setting salary scales.Information about jobs can be collected in a number of ways such as potential sources observation, individual interview, group interview, technical conference, questionnaire, diary, critical incidents, equipment design information, recording of job activities, or employee records. Possible agents to do the collecting are professional job analysis, supervisors, job incumbents, or even a camera in the work place.RecruitmentRecruitment is the process of identifying the prospective employees, stimulating and encouraging them to apply for a particular job or jobs in an organization. It is a positive action as it involves inviting people to apply. The purpose is to have an inventory of eligible persons from amongst whom proper selection of the most suitable person can be made.Before you think of inviting people to apply for a job you have to decide what types of persons are to be invited and what their characteristics should be. This calls for fixing the job specifications which may also be called man specifications. Job specification will be different for each job.Physical Specifications For certain jobs any(prenominal) special features may be required. For example, for assembly of a TV set or some other electronic equipment good vision is required, for a typing job you need finger dexterity, for a heavy job you need a strong, heavy and thick-set body. The particular physical abilities and skills demand for a given job have to be specified. These may refer to height, weight, vision, finger dexterity, voice, poise, hand and foot coordination, and so forthMental Specifications These include intelligence, memory, judgment, ability-plan, ability to e stimate, to read, to write, to think and concentrate, scientific faculties, arithmetical abilities, etc.Emotional and Social Specifications These include characteristics which will affect his working with others, like personal appearance, manners, emotional stability, aggressiveness, or submissiveness, leadership, cooperativeness, skill in dealing with others, social adaptability, etc.Behavioural Specifications Certain management personnel at higher levels of management are expected to behave in a particular manner. These are not formally listed but have to be kept in mind during the process of recruitment, selection and placement.Besides, there are 2 categories of sources of supply of manpower-Internal and External.Internal Sources These include personnel already on the pay-roll of the organization as also those who were once on the pay-roll of the company but who plan to return, or whom the company, would like to rehire. These include those who part with voluntarily or those on production lay-offs.External Sources These sources lie outside the organization, like the new entrants to the labour force without experience. These include college students, the un engaged with a wider contrive of skills and abilities, the retired experienced persons, and others not in the labour force, like married women.SelectionSelection is the process of examining the applicants with regard to their suitability for the given job or jobs and choosing the beat out from the suitable candidates and rejecting the others. Thus, you will notice that this process is negative in nature in the sense that rejection of candidates involved.It is the process of securing relevant information about an applicant to quantify his qualification, experience and other qualities with the view of matching with the requirement of a job. It is the process of picking out the man or men best suited for the organizations requirement.The selection process involves rejection of unsuitable or slight suita ble applicants. This may be done at any of the successive hurdle which an applicant must cross. These hurdles act as screens designed to eliminate an unqualified applicant at any point in the process.Those who qualify a hurdle go to the contiguous one those who do not qualify are dropped out. The complexity of the process usually increases with the level and responsibility of the position to be filled.Initial Screening or Preliminary Interview This is a sorting process in which prospective applicants are given the infallible information about the nature of the job and also, necessary information is elicited from the candidates about their education, experience, skill, salary expectation etc. If the candidate is found to be suitable, he is selected for further process and, if not he is eliminated. use Scrutiny Different types of application forms are used by the organization for different types of positions/posts. Some forms are simple, general and easily answerable, art object others may require elaborate, complex and detailed information. Sometimes applications are asked in plain sheet.Application forms are designed to serve as a highly effective explorative screening device, particularly when applications are received in direct response to an advertisement and without any preliminary interview.In our organization the applications are used in deuce ways to find out on the basis of information contained there in as to the chances of success of the candidate in the job for which he is applying, and to provide a starting point for the interview.TrainingSystematic training and development of organization employee is the foundation of efficient and effective utilization and productivity of corporate personnel. To be effective in meeting organization goals of efficiency and increased productivity, cost-effective in operations, training must not be conducted in ad hoc and haphazard manner. It should be a deliberate policy instrument designed to meet training n eeds of individuals, organization and a technologically changing environs of production.The training progremmes should be appropriate and adequate to solve corporate training needs a arise from the requirements of newcomers, shortfalls in employee performance, organizational change and the individual workers expressed or sight needs.Training is a learning process which aim at helping employee to acquire basic skills required for efficient execution of the functions for which employee are hired while development deals with activities undertaken to expose employees to be able to perform additional duties of managerial and administrative nature in the near future.Training efforts are geared toward encyclopedism of manipulative skills, technical knowledge, problem solving ability and attitudes. While development is designed to prepare employee to assume position of responsibility of supervisory and leadership natures. The two techniques of learning are usually planned by the organiza tion to improve competence level of employee. The third learning method is the education method.5.0 Example of Manpower PlanningA large supply company in UK wants to improve and control the unit cost. The company had designed and implemented a radical manpower change to reduce staff numbers by 20%. They using manpower forecasting methods and projecting productivity growth, they were able to reduce the number employed form 6500 to 4500 and increase productivity by the required amount. Key tools used Manpower predictive forecasting and rightsizing. Supportive training was also designed and provided. other example is building a new business from scratch for an American company in the UK. The company is a construction company. The company post advertisements and recruitment statements which have new terms and conditions written specifically for the UK market in newspaper. 1,300 people were test, screed and interview. after consideration and selection by the company, a number of people w ere hired. Training courses were designed and carried for successful applicants.6.0 Problems, Barriers and solutions to Manpower PlanningManpower development is the core element of a business that helps to shape and lead the future of any organization through the use of its people. Successful manpower development could result in high production and long-term future growth for business. However overcoming these challenges essence understanding the vision of the business and how to best forecast future events in manpower planning. Planning helps management with the right number and the right kind of people at the right place in business.Hiring the Right FitThe approach to developing manpower should include hiring a person who not only has the acquired skills necessary to perform the job but also is a good fit for the organization. Organizational fits are very challenging because the individual not only has to be qualified but they must be able to adapt and adopt the culture of the or ganization. Accepting organizational culture is critical, because it is often a determining factor in an employee remaining with the organization. Maintaining effective manpower is equally as important to recruiting right person for the job.Employee Turnover Plan of ActionEmployee turnover happens for various reasons and is inevitable in manpower development. Some of the causes are controllable factors, while many of them are hard to foresee. It is harder to identify or forecast the death of an employee or an disease that surrenders an employee in an incapacitated state, because it can happen at any time. Developing a plan of action in manpower development that negates these factors can be difficult. Ensuring that the employee turnover does not impact the manpower in the out years of business is the biggest dilemma.Continuing EducationWith constant changes in technology, business professionals need to celebrate up-to-date by taking courses designed to improve their technical skil ls and knowledge. Programs such as the Microsoft Certified Professional certification provide comprehensive training, practice and test opportunities to business professionals seeking to further their careers. Flexible alternatives such as web-based training, coaching and mentoring or recorded multimedia sessions enable busy professionals to train for an advanced occasion or even a career change.Leave/ Work SchedulesOffering work schedules that stay abreast of workforce trends is challenging, because it requires research and understanding of the workforce needs. If leave policies or work schedules are too lenient, it could impact the production of business in a negative way.Rising CostsGlobal organizations face rising costs and need to plan effectively so we can efficiently recruit and hire the best manpower, both permanent and temporary. Fewer management layers and less support staff make it more difficult to provide new employees with the personalized attention they typically ne ed to get started. Self-paced training courses that provide expatiate about how to use company tools, such as email or accounting systems, often replace instructor-led classroom sessions. Workers may not have an office at the same location as their manager and rely on web conferencing software instead spending the extra time and expense to pass away to a common location for meetings. Employees need training and tips on how to use these alternatives effectively.Changing PrioritiesCompanies typically set strategic goals on an annual basis. Training programs should be aligned with strategic plans. For example, if company executives want to see an increase in customer satisfaction, training professionals should focus on identifying problems in providing customer support proficiently. Then, we can design training courses and career development opportunities that help employees learn the best techniques for troubleshooting problems and handling customer complaints skillfully. Once opera tional metrics improve, the focus may change to other areas, such as reducing product defects or eliminating waste.7.0 Training Session PlanTRAINING SESSION PLANCOURSEApproaches to manpower planning in a property orientated businessSESSION2COURSE OBJECTIVEGive theoretical and practical approach to manpower planning with the industryLEARNING OUTCOMESImprovement the manpower planning of the companyDURATION4 hoursEQUIPMENTComputer, Projector, White Board and Marker PensTIMEITEMAID insane asylum9.00BackgroundCourse objectivesSession objectivesW/BTOPIC 19.15Manpower PlanningEstimating manpower, job analysis, Recruitment, Selection System, Training10.30Examples of the manpower planning of other companies11.00BreakTOPIC 211.30Barriers and solutions to the manpower planningsummary and close12.30Review TopicsThe Training course is about four hours. We wil separate the course into two part by a short break. The first part will cut in the manpower planning and introduce some example of the ma npower planning. After the break, we will talk about the barriers and solution to the manpower planning. Finally, we will have a review and questioning session.8.0 ConclusionThe manpower planning must introduce to the company to improve the situation of the company. Good planning can bring the company raise the income and increase efficiency output.

Lazy Lady :: Free Essay Writer

Lazy LadyIt seems that the lazier people are, the more I cant stand them. One thing is for sure I cant stand my mom. Maxme or MOM is how I would address her, or should I say have to address her. I would have preferred boss or master. Yes sir, shes the queen of them all. She could probably write a book titled What it Takes to be Lazy. In her case, I guess you could consider it a lifestyle entirely effort not to compare her to Martha Stewart or anyone like that. My mom is slow from the hairs on her head to the toes on her feet. Let me give you a little insight into this lazy, lazy, lazy lady. An average weekday morning for her consists of normally getting up to go to work. Its true that not very many people in todays society arent morning people, but supposedly shes to be at work by 800am, but doesnt get out of bed till 730am. It seems to be a numeral for her not to go to bed till about one oclock that night, doing nothing out of the ordinary except for moping around the tel evision surrounded with junk food. I believe this is what accounts for her not waking up on time. I wait and wait for what seems like hours as the time rolls by until shes all ready to go. both day she makes up the same excuse that shes too scared to pose. Shes had a license for about twelve years, as for me only one, yet she still requires me to drive her to work. When you compare our experience behind the wheel, it should be me shaking in my pants. Due to her laziness, I wind up being late to work or nurture each day. Upon arriving at work, Mom takes her sweet time getting to her desk, about as fast as a slug could cross a sidewalk. Theres not much she does at work, or if you could even call it work, considering she is so damn lazy. She sure loves to call up relatives everyday. She chats with them for hours, very aware she is at work. She practically duologue longer on the phone at work than at home. Amazingly, none of her fellow co-workers seem to care.

Wars Between Spain And France :: essays research papers

The wars between England and Spain was a shifting ofpower in Europe. A cause of the wars was theimprisonment and effect of Mary Stuart Queen ofScots. The Netherlands wanting to break away from Spainwas a cause of the war. Elizabeth sending aid and troops tothe Netherlands was another cause of the war. Mary Stuartwas the direct heritor of Scotland. She was a Catholic. Manypeople in England wanted to see Mary the Queen andmake England a Catholic nation. This worried QueenElizabeth and had Mary come in under house arrest for nineteenyears. There were many plots made trying to assassinateQueen Elizabeth involving Mary. The final plot called theBabington plot had enough cogent evidence to convict Mary andexecute her. Queen Elizabeth knew the consequences thiswould create throughout the Catholic world. And this wasthe last straw between Spain and England. TheNetherlands wanted to abolish the control Spain had overtheir nation. They wanted to get rid of the SpanishInquisition. Two-hun dred nobles, in the Netherlands,formed a league, and they petitioned King Philip II not touse the Spanish Inquisition. He refused and a revolt stone-brokeout. William of Orange led the united seventeen provincesof the Netherlands against Spanish authority. QueenElizabeth lent aid to the Netherlands in their war withSpain. She sent over 6000 troops in 1585. take over Juanbecame the general of the Netherlands and planned aninvasion. After Don Juans death the Union of Utrecht wasformed breaking the solid front of the 17 provinces of theNetherlands. When Spain tried to invade England theywere defeated. The great Spanish Armada was beat bysmall, quick fleet of English and Dutch ships. English andDutch pirates raid the Spanish ships also. The weatherplayed a role in the war. A bad storm wiped out manyships of the Armada. England gained a great deal from thisbattle with Spain.